1. JinkoSolar (China)
Founded: 2006
Headquarters: Shanghai, China (operations in Shangrao, Jiangxi)
Stock Exchange: NYSE (JKS), Shanghai Stock Exchange (688223)
Company Overview
JinkoSolar stands as the world’s largest solar panel manufacturer, shipping 47.2GW in the first half of 2024 alone. The company became the first solar manufacturer to ship 210GW of solar panels cumulatively in 2023, cementing its position as an industry titan.
Manufacturing Capabilities
JinkoSolar pioneered vertically integrated production capacity from silicon wafer and cell to module production, owning more than 10 globalized manufacturing bases in China, the United States, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. As of December 2024, the company had an integrated annual capacity of 120 gigawatts for mono wafers, 95 GW for solar cells, and 130 GW for solar modules.
The company operates 14 factories across China, Malaysia, Vietnam, and the United States, employing 57,000 people worldwide. This global footprint allows JinkoSolar to serve markets efficiently while mitigating trade barrier risks.
Technology & Innovation
JinkoSolar currently has more than 2,000 research and development professionals and holds more than 5,500 patents worldwide, with over 3,100 patents granted, including a proprietary portfolio of 731 industry-leading patents related to N-type TOPCon technology.
JinkoSolar began mass production of n-type TOPCon cells in 2019. The company’s flagship products include the Tiger Pro and Tiger Neo series, with the Tiger Neo modules achieving maximum power output of up to 620W and conversion efficiency of up to 22.30%. Recent innovations have pushed boundaries further, with their Eagle series and 700W+ modules.
In perovskite technology, JinkoSolar achieved a significant breakthrough with its N-type TOPCon-based perovskite tandem solar cell, reaching an impressive conversion efficiency of 33.84%, surpassing their previous record of 33.24%.
Product Lines
- Tiger Series: High-efficiency monocrystalline modules
- Tiger Pro Series: Advanced performance modules
- Tiger Neo Series: N-type TOPCon technology modules (620W+)
- Eagle Series: Premium residential and commercial solutions
- BIPV Products: Building-integrated photovoltaic solutions
Market Presence
The company sells its products to distributors, project developers, system integrators, and manufacturers of solar power products under the JinkoSolar brand, operating in China, the United States, Mexico, Australia, Japan, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Jordan, Vietnam, Egypt, Spain, Germany, and internationally.
JinkoSolar is a member of the prestigious Silicon Module Super League alongside Canadian Solar, Hanwha Q CELLS, JA Solar, and Trina Solar.
2. LONGi Solar (China)
Founded: February 14, 2000
Former Name: Xi’an LONGi Silicon Materials Corporation (renamed in 2017)
Headquarters: Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
Stock Exchange: Shanghai Stock Exchange (601012)
Company Overview
LONGi shipped 31.3GW of solar panels in the first six months of 2024, maintaining its position as the second-largest solar manufacturer globally. The company is the world’s largest manufacturer of monocrystalline silicon, producing 450,000 tons annually with over 60,000 employees across 30+ countries.
Company Philosophy
LONGi operates under the mission “To make the best of solar energy to build a green world” with a brand positioning as “The most trusted, reliable solar company that blazes the trail for green technology.” The company name honors Jiang Longji, former president of Lanzhou University, where the founders studied.
Manufacturing Excellence
LONGi has manufacturing plants in Mainland China, India, and Malaysia. The company has consistently expanded capacity through strategic acquisitions, including the 2014 acquisition of LERRI Solar Technology. In early 2016, LONGi signed a $1.84 billion solar panel sales agreement with SunEdison and took over SunEdison’s Malaysian silicon plant.
With 15 manufacturing bases and more than 30 branches worldwide, LONGi produces monocrystalline silicon wafers and modules, delivering solutions for distributed and ground-mount power station systems.
Technology Leadership
LONGi’s RCZ silicon crystal-growing technology is widely used in the solar industry and features large charging capacity, high-speed crystal growth, and multiple loading capabilities. LONGi’s diamond wire wafer-slicing technology has resulted in savings of at least ¥30 billion in annual production costs across the entire industry.
Since 2021, the company has broken the world record for solar cell efficiency 15 times, with the US Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory confirming LONGi achieved a power conversion efficiency of 33.9% for its perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell. Most recently, LONGi announced a new efficiency record of 34.85% for its proprietary dual terminal perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell, certified by NREL.
LONGi’s PERC solar cell technology solved the initial degradation issues that monocrystalline silicon products faced for years and has accelerated cell efficiencies dramatically.
Product Portfolio
- Hi-MO Series: High-efficiency monocrystalline modules (Hi-MO 4, Hi-MO 5, Hi-MO 9)
- LONGi Roof: Building-integrated PV products
- Green Hydrogen: Expanding into hydrogen energy production
- Bifacial Modules: Advanced dual-sided power generation
Sustainability Commitment
LONGi became the first manufacturer to ship more than 20GW of modules in a year in 2020. The company joined the Climate Group’s RE100, EV100, and EP100 Initiatives, committing to 100% renewable electricity. LONGi’s “Solar for Solar” strategy aims to power PV production entirely by solar energy.
Green Energy Expansion
LONGi has established a green hydrogen energy subsidiary aimed at becoming the world’s leading hydrogen equipment technology company, offering “Green Power + Green Hydrogen” solutions for global zero-carbon development.
3. Trina Solar (China)
Founded: 1997
Founder: Gao Jifan
Headquarters: Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
Stock Exchange: Shanghai Stock Exchange (688599)
Company Overview
Trina Solar was founded in 1997 and is headquartered in Changzhou, China, with a global presence operating in over 100 countries, with production facilities in China, Thailand, and Vietnam. One of the first Chinese solar panel producers, Trina is a completely vertically integrated business and ranks among the top five solar panel suppliers worldwide.
Since its founding, Trina Solar has delivered over 77GW of solar modules globally, establishing itself as a veteran manufacturer with a strong reputation and broad international distribution network spanning 30 nations.
Technology Innovation
In terms of solar cell efficiency and module power, Trina Solar has smashed 23 global records. The company leads the industry in setting standards for both quality and efficiency through unprecedented innovation. Trina Solar holds over 1,300 solar PV patents filed to date, demonstrating their commitment to research and development.
The company’s PV modules are among the most efficient in the industry, with conversion efficiencies up to 22%. Trina Solar panels generally have an efficiency range of 19-22%, with their Vertex series often achieving higher efficiency.
Product Excellence
Vertex Series: Trina’s flagship high-performance product line
- The Vertex series uses N-type TOPCon cells and has power ratings well above 600 watts, placing it among the most potent solar panels in the world
- The new Vertex S+ series panels push efficiency close to 22 percent
Key Technologies:
- 210mm Revolution wafer technology
- N-Type TOPCon technology
- Bifacial cells that capture sunlight from both sides
- Half-cell designs reducing resistive losses
- Fully recyclable PV modules
Other Product Series:
- Vertex S Series
- Tallmax Series
- Ultra-high power modules
Manufacturing Capabilities
Trina Solar engages in the research and development, production, and sales of photovoltaic modules, offering silicon photovoltaic modules and monocrystalline silicon cells. The company also provides solutions including solar modules, inverters, and battery storage.
Trina offers photovoltaic power generation, power station operation and maintenance, and project construction management services, as well as smart solutions for energy storage, smart microgrid, and development and sales of multi-energy systems.
Market Recognition
According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance, Trina Solar is among the top Tier 1 producers of solar panels. The company was recognized as one of the Forbes China Top 50 Sustainable Development Industrial Enterprises and received the Climate Creator Award from the WWF.
Trina Solar is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and reached a new milestone in 2020 with its public listing. The company is a member of the Silicon Module Super League.
4. JA Solar (China)
Founded: 2005
Headquarters: Beijing, China
Stock Exchange: Shenzhen Stock Exchange (002459)
Company Overview
Founded in Beijing in 2005, JA Solar has established itself as one of the world’s leading manufacturers of high-performance photovoltaic products. The company has delivered solar modules to over 33,000 clients in more than 100 countries, with a lifetime capacity of 73GW delivered globally.
Technology Specialization
JA Solar specializes in several advanced technologies:
- Bifacial PERC Modules: Advanced dual-sided power generation
- Half-Cell Technology: Reduced resistive losses and improved efficiency
- N-Type Technology: Advanced cell architectures for superior performance
- PERC Technology: Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell design
The company incorporates innovative technologies to enhance solar panel performance, using half-cell designs that reduce resistive losses and improve efficiency, especially in low-light conditions and shaded areas. These innovations position JA Solar as a strong competitor in the renewable energy market.
Product Quality
JA Solar panels are renowned for their durability and reliability, particularly favored for residential use due to ease of installation and excellent after-sales service. The panels offer impressive shade tolerance, making them ideal for varied urban landscapes where partial shading may occur.
Manufacturing Scale
As one of the top 10 solar manufacturers globally, JA Solar operates extensive manufacturing facilities with significant production capacity. The company maintains a strong reputation for producing durable and reliable solar panels with consistent quality control.
Market Presence
JA Solar has delivered its products to diverse markets spanning residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. The company is recognized as a member of the Silicon Module Super League and maintains partnerships with distributors and installers worldwide.
5. Tongwei Solar (China)
Founded: 2009 (parent company Tongwei Co., Ltd. founded in 1982)
Headquarters: Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Stock Exchange: Shanghai Stock Exchange (600438)
Parent Company: Tongwei Co., Ltd.
Company Overview
Tongwei shipped 18.7GW of solar panels in the first half of 2024, employing more than 58,000 staff. In August 2023, Tongwei became the first solar company to make the Fortune Global 500 list, ranking 476th with annual profit of $594 million and revenue of CNY 214.882 billion.
Business Integration
Tongwei Solar, established in 2009 as a subsidiary of Tongwei Co., Ltd., is a leading solar cell and module manufacturer based in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, renowned for its dominance in crystalline silicon cell production and operating a fully integrated supply chain. Tongwei Co., Ltd., founded in 1982, entered the PV industry in 2013 by acquiring LDK Solar, establishing Tongwei Solar as a major player.
Manufacturing Excellence
Tongwei operates four major manufacturing bases in the Chinese cities of Hefei, Jintang, Yancheng, and Nantong. As of the end of 2022, its module shipments had reached 7.94GW, placing it among the top ten manufacturers in the world and recognized as one of the fastest-growing players in the sector.
By 2026, Tongwei aims for 800,000-1 million tons of polysilicon and 130-150 GW cell capacity, with module capacity exceeding 80 GW.
Technology Leadership
Tongwei Solar completed China’s first gigawatt-scale HJT production line in 2021 and went on to complete the development of the industry’s first 210 double-sided microcrystal module in early 2023.
In March, the company set a world record of 26.18% for HJT cell efficiency in mass production, certified by the Institute for Solar Energy Research in Hamelin, Germany (ISFH), and has since broken its own HJT power records on four occasions. The power of the TWMHF-66HD module can now reach up to 743.68W, ushering in the 740W+ era.
Product Portfolio
N-Type Module Products:
- TNC-182: Optimized size with rectangular wafer cell technology
- THC (210-THC): Silver-free 210 technology
- TNC and THC Series: Listed among TaiyangNews’s Top 10 Highest Efficiency Commercial Solar Modules for two consecutive years
The company has unveiled two new n-type module products based on half-cut and shingled module technology, positioning itself at the forefront of the move toward n-type technology.
Global Expansion
With a footprint now covering over 40 countries, including France, Germany, the Netherlands, Chile, Brazil, and Japan, the company’s rapid emergence as a module manufacturer has cemented its status as one of the industry’s major vertically integrated players.
Sustainability Leadership
Tongwei joined the RE100 initiative, emphasizing renewable energy use, and operates low-carbon factories. Its low-carbon factories, like the Yancheng base, earned the 2024 AIPV Intelligent PV Manufacturing award. The company integrates fishery-PV projects with 3.8 GW installed capacity and has reduced emissions through clean energy adoption.
6. Canadian Solar (Canada/China)
Founded: 2001
Founder: Dr. Shawn Qu
Headquarters: Ontario, Canada (major operations in China)
Stock Exchange: NASDAQ (CSIQ)
Company Overview
The only non-Chinese company in the top tier, Canadian Solar shipped 16.8GW of solar cells and panels in 2022, reaching 23 countries across six continents. The company employs 20,000 people and manufactures solar panels, cells, and storage batteries for residential and commercial use.
Founded in Ontario, Canada, in 2001, Canadian Solar has established itself as one of the most respected solar manufacturers, known for its commitment to quality and value with a strong reputation for providing reliable solar panels for residential and commercial applications.
Global Operations
Canadian Solar is one of the world’s largest solar technology and renewable energy companies, with over 55 GW of solar modules deployed globally. The company has production facilities in China, Brazil, and South Korea, with operations expanded to over 30 countries worldwide.
Canadian Solar has subsidiaries in over 24 countries on six continents, demonstrating truly global reach and market penetration.
Product Range
Canadian Solar produces a wide range of solar products:
- Monocrystalline PV modules
- Polycrystalline PV modules
- Solar panels for various applications
- Solar energy storage solutions
- Complete solar power systems
Key Product Series:
- HiKu Series: High-efficiency modules with competitive pricing
- BiHiKu Series: Bifacial technology modules
- HiDM Series: Diverse application solutions
- HiKu7 Series: Achieving one of the highest efficiency ratings with efficiencies between 18-21%
Technology & Innovation
Canadian Solar panels typically offer efficiencies between 18-21%, with the HiKu7 series achieving one of the highest efficiency ratings. The company focuses on providing budget-friendly options without compromising on quality, making solar accessible to wider markets.
Project Development
Canadian Solar is actively involved in solar project development, having developed and built numerous large-scale solar projects around the world, including:
- A 300 MW solar power plant in Brazil
- A 200 MW solar power plant in Australia
- Various utility-scale installations globally
Market Position
Canadian Solar is recognized as the only non-Chinese manufacturer in the top tier of global solar producers. The company maintains competitive pricing while delivering reliable, high-quality solar solutions, making it particularly attractive for value-conscious buyers without sacrificing performance.
7. Risen Energy (China)
Founded: 1986
Headquarters: Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
Stock Exchange: Shenzhen Stock Exchange (300118)
Company Overview
Risen Energy has consistently ranked among the top solar manufacturers globally, with strong performance in both module production and solar project development worldwide. The company has established itself as a reliable mid-tier manufacturer offering high-quality products at competitive prices.
Technology Excellence
Risen Energy has achieved impressive technological milestones. The company’s mass-produced heterojunction (HJT) modules have reached a cell conversion efficiency of 26.61%, a record figure for the company.
The company produces affordable, high-power, reliable modules that strike a balance between quality and cost, making them accessible to various market segments.
Product Portfolio
TITAN Series: Risen Energy’s flagship product line
- Built with 132 half-cells of 210 mm wafer format
- Rated power of 675 W
- High efficiency ratings
Technology Features:
- PERC cell technology with 21.7% efficiency
- Bifacial modules for enhanced energy capture
- Half-cell designs for improved performance
- 475W high-power panels suitable for residential applications
Manufacturing Excellence
Risen Energy operates extensive manufacturing facilities with significant production capacity. The company has been recognized for its quality control and consistent product performance across diverse environmental conditions.
Market Strategy
Risen Energy focuses on delivering value-oriented products that compete effectively in global markets. The company tends to cater towards the budget end of the market while maintaining solid performance specifications, making solar accessible to price-sensitive customers without compromising on reliability.
Global Presence
Risen Energy has successfully penetrated international markets, with products deployed across residential, commercial, and utility-scale installations worldwide. The company collaborates with major industry players and participates in initiatives to standardize module technologies.
8. Aiko Solar (China)
Founded: 2009
Full Name: Shanghai Aiko Solar Energy Co., Ltd.
Headquarters: Shanghai, China
Stock Exchange: Shanghai Stock Exchange (600732)
Company Overview
Aiko Solar is the third-largest solar manufacturer, having shipped 30.7GW of solar panels and cells in 2022. The company employs over 9,140 people and produces solar cells, panels, inverters, storage batteries, and mounting systems.
Shanghai Aiko Solar Energy Co., Ltd., based in Shanghai, China, is a prominent solar technology company focused on the R&D, manufacturing, and sales of high-efficiency N-type all-back-contact (ABC) monocrystalline solar cells and modules, operating in over 60 countries and serving residential, commercial, and utility-scale markets.
Technology Innovation
Aiko Solar stands at the forefront of solar technology with its proprietary All Back Contact (ABC) technology:
Aiko Solar’s flagship ABC modules, including the Neostar, Comet, and Infinite series, utilize silver-free, back-contact cell technology, achieving efficiencies up to 25.15%. The Infinite panel, launched in 2025, offers 460-500W with a 25% efficiency for C&I applications.
Aiko’s TOPCon 5.0 cells, introduced in 2025, reach 27% efficiency, enhancing performance in shaded or high-temperature environments.
AIKO Solar’s BC module, with 24.2% efficiency and 655 W power, remains 1st in the TaiyangNews TOP SOLAR MODULES listing.
Product Excellence
Core Product Lines:
- Neostar Series: Premium ABC technology modules
- Comet Series: High-efficiency residential solutions
- Infinite Series: Commercial and industrial applications (460-500W, 25% efficiency)
- N-Type ABC Modules: All back contact monocrystalline technology
Additional Products:
- Single crystal PERC solar cells
- TOPCon 5.0 advanced cells
- Inverters
- Storage batteries
- Mounting systems
- Digital platforms (AIKO Smart O&M, AIKO Designer, AIKO Energy application)
Design Recognition
In 2023, the clean look of Aiko’s N-Type ABC (All Back Contact) module earned the company a Red Dot Award. The modules are made from monocrystalline silicon and demonstrate both aesthetic appeal and technical excellence.
Manufacturing Scale
In 2023, Aiko Solar had around 36.8 GW shipments. Aiko operates multiple manufacturing facilities in China, enabling it to meet growing demand for high-quality solar cells. Due to its focus on cell production, many manufacturers depend on Aiko’s cells, cementing its place among top solar manufacturers.
Market Position
Aiko Solar has established itself as a technology leader, particularly in the N-type segment. The company tends to cater towards the budget end of the market while offering cutting-edge technology, making advanced solar solutions accessible to various customer segments.
9. DAS Solar (China)
Founded: August 2018
Full Name: DAS Solar Co., Ltd.
Headquarters: Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Company Overview
Founded in 2018, DAS Solar Co., Ltd is a global high-tech enterprise that specializes in the R&D, manufacturing, and sales of high-efficiency PV products and system applications, also engaging in the investment, construction and operation of power stations.
Not only the youngest company among global Top 10 PV module shipments, DAS is also the No.2 TOPcon manufacturer in the world, with over 28GW shipment globally and 30GW annual production capacity.
Rapid Growth
Despite being the newest entrant among top manufacturers, DAS Solar has achieved remarkable growth. DAS has been listed as BloombergNEF Tier 1 PV module manufacturer and become a leading top-tier brand.
DAS Solar, established in August 2018, has swiftly become a national high-tech enterprise that exemplifies innovation in the photovoltaic industry. The company’s adherence to industry standards has earned acclaim as a “Future Factory” in Zhejiang Province.
Technology Leadership
DAS Solar has positioned itself as a leader in N-type photovoltaic technology. DAS Solar has developed the TOPCon 4.0 Plus high-efficiency solar cell, achieving an efficiency of 26.36% and an open-circuit voltage of 742 mV.
The company holds more than 150 patents in various areas, demonstrating significant investment in research and development.
Product Portfolio
Core Products:
- N-type Modules: Advanced TOPCon technology
- Lightweight Modules: Innovative design for diverse applications
- DAS-DH144PA Module: 144-cell, 182 mm wafer format, 21.7% efficiency
- Full-scenario PV System Solutions: Comprehensive solar energy systems
The company’s products have been integrated into the procurement lists of major global companies, highlighting industry confidence in DAS Solar’s technology and reliability.
Research & Development
Central to DAS Solar’s ethos is a commitment to research and development, showcased by significant annual investments and partnerships with academic institutions, creating a thriving ecosystem for innovation, including Zhejiang Provincial High-Tech Enterprise R&D Center and a postdoctoral research station.
Global Expansion
DAS Solar has sophisticated marketing networks locally and abroad, which have introduced products and solutions to more than 60 countries and regions. The company actively participates in international trade shows across Europe, Asia, and other markets.
Future Vision
Aiming to scale its production capacity to an ambitious 30GW in high-efficiency cells and modules by 2023, DAS Solar is setting the stage to become a premium brand within the global photovoltaic market, championing a transition towards a more sustainable energy future.
10. First Solar (USA)
Founded: 1999 (originally as Solar Cells, Inc. in 1990)
Founder: Harold McMaster
Headquarters: Tempe, Arizona, USA
Stock Exchange: NASDAQ (FSLR)
Company Overview
First Solar, Inc. is a publicly traded American manufacturer of solar panels that provides end-of-life panel recycling at each of its manufacturing facilities. Founded in 1999, First Solar is a leading American solar technology company and global provider of responsibly produced eco-efficient solar modules advancing the fight against climate change, unique among the world’s ten largest solar manufacturers for being the only US-headquartered company and not manufacturing in China.
Unique Technology
First Solar uses rigid thin-film modules for its solar panels, and produces CdTe panels using cadmium telluride (CdTe) as a semiconductor. This technology differentiates First Solar from competitors who primarily use crystalline silicon.
First Solar’s advanced thin film photovoltaic (PV) modules represent the next generation of solar technologies, providing a competitive, high-performance, lower-carbon alternative to conventional crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV panels.
Manufacturing Excellence
First Solar has the Western Hemisphere’s largest solar manufacturing footprint in Ohio, USA, with the company having a global annual manufacturing capacity of over 20 gigawatts (GW) by 2025, with a footprint that spans the US, India, Malaysia, and Vietnam.
The Arizona-based manufacturer opened a $1.1 billion manufacturing facility in Alabama in September 2024, operating three manufacturing facilities in Ohio and currently constructing a $1.1 billion 3.5 GW plant in Louisiana expected to come online, with the company expecting to have more than 14 GW of domestic capacity by 2026.
First Solar thin film PV modules are produced using a fully integrated, continuous process under one roof that does not rely on Chinese crystalline silicon supply chains. Its proprietary, vertically integrated process transforms sheets of glass into fully functioning solar panels in approximately four hours.
Technology Advantages
First Solar’s thin film PV technology produces energy-efficient modules with a superior degradation rate, temperature coefficient, spectral and shading response, and the smallest environmental footprint in the industry.
First Solar’s thin film modules require only 1-2% of the semiconductor material needed by traditional c-Si modules to produce a comparable amount of power.
First Solar’s manufacturing process uses 98 percent less semiconductor material than traditional crystalline silicon solar panels and yields the lowest carbon footprint, lowest water footprint, and fastest energy payback time in the industry.
Innovation & Performance
In August 2019, researchers from NREL and First Solar published a Nature Energy article demonstrating a way to achieve 20.8% solar cell efficiency. First Solar’s CuRe technology, currently incorporated into its Series 6 Plus V2 modules, provides an industry-best warranted annual degradation rate of 0.1%.
The company has invested a cumulative $2 billion+ in the research and development of its technology, demonstrating long-term commitment to innovation.
Sustainability Leadership
First Solar has established benchmarks in:
- Recycling: End-of-life panel recycling at each manufacturing facility
- Responsible Supply Chain Management: Ethical sourcing practices
- Transparency: Open reporting on environmental impact
- Carbon Footprint: Lowest in the industry
- Water Footprint: Minimal water usage in production
First Solar’s products have been released by U.S. Customs and Border Protection and comply with the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act, demonstrating commitment to ethical manufacturing.
Market Focus
Beginning in December 2011, First Solar shifted away from existing markets that are heavily dependent on government subsidies and toward providing utility-scale solar solutions. The company primarily serves developers and operators of systems, utilities, independent power producers, and commercial companies.
Financial Performance
In 2024, First Solar ranked as the leading solar company based on market capitalization worldwide. In fiscal year 2023, First Solar’s operating income was 857.3 million U.S. dollars, the highest value registered in recent years, with net sales reaching 3.3 billion U.S. dollars.
First Solar sold $857 million in Inflation Reduction Act transferable tax credits generated from its U.S.-based manufacturing facilities in 2024.
Industry Insights
Technology Trends
The solar manufacturing industry is experiencing rapid technological evolution:
- N-Type Dominance: Transition from P-type to N-type cell technology
- TOPCon Leadership: N-type TOPCon technology becoming mainstream
- **
